A new all-affordable apartment complex was recently approved for 30 Water Street in Ossining, Westchester County, on the former site of the Village Department of Public Works property. Developer WBP Development LLC received final approval for financial assistance from the Westchester County Industrial Development Agency on August 29. The $94 million project was designed to transform the former industrial site into a fully affordable housing development. The development will consist of two new buildings with 109 rental apartments in total, serving households with incomes and rents ranging from 30 to 80 percent are a median income. The residences include 40 one-bedroom units, 60 two-bedroom units, and nine three-bedroom units. The project will also feature municipal parking, 3,745 square feet of retail space, and 3,968 square feet of community meeting space. A linear park along the Sing Sing Kill greenway, currently in need of environmental remediation, will also be included. Residents of the property will have access to 2,300 square feet of amenity space, including a roof deck, community areas, a fitness center, and common laundry service. “We applaud the developer of this innovative project that will transform a former industrial site into an attractively designed, fully affordable housing development,” said Westchester County executive George Latimer. “This is the kind of housing that is critically important for Westchester’s economic vitality.” Home / Multifamily 30 WATER STREET, OSSINING ARCHITECT . PROJECT SIZE . PROJECT COST . SCOPE . Design, approvals and construction administration of mechanical, plumbing, sprinkler, electrical and fire alarm systems. Go Go A new all-affordable apartment complex was recently approved for 30 Water Street in Ossining, Westchester County, on the former site of the Village Department of Public Works property. Developer WBP Development LLC received final approval for financial assistance from the Westchester County Industrial Development Agency on August 29. The $94 million project was designed to transform the former industrial site into a fully affordable housing development. The development will consist of two new buildings with 109 rental apartments in total, serving households with incomes and rents ranging from 30 to 80 percent are a median income. The residences include 40 one-bedroom units, 60 two-bedroom units, and nine three-bedroom units. The project will also feature municipal parking, 3,745 square feet of retail space, and 3,968 square feet of community meeting space. A linear park along the Sing Sing Kill greenway, currently in need of environmental remediation, will also be included. Residents of the property will have access to 2,300 square feet of amenity space, including a roof deck, community areas, a fitness center, and common laundry service. “We applaud the developer of this innovative project that will transform a former industrial site into an attractively designed, fully affordable housing development,” said Westchester County executive George Latimer. “This is the kind of housing that is critically important for Westchester’s economic vitality.”

“Inspired by the natural setting and artistic life of Long Island’s East End, the Parrish Art Museum illuminates the creative process and how art and artists transform our experiences and understanding of the world and how we live in it. The Museum fosters connections among individuals, art, and artists through care and interpretation of the collection, the presentation of exhibitions, publications, educational initiatives, programs, and artists-in-residence” Born in 1897 as the Art Museum at Southampton, it was established by a New York lawyer, Samuel Longstreth Parrish, to house his holdings of Italian Renaissance paintings and 19th-century plaster casts; both the building and the collection were given to the Village of Southampton after his death. In the 1950s a local philanthropist, Rebecca Bolling Littlejohn, chartered the museum as an independent entity, named it for Mr. Parrish, and endowed it with her own collection of American painting, rich in work by Impressionists like Chase and Childe Hassam, as well as local artists of the era, like Fairfield Porter and Larry Rivers. Once home to Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning and Roy Lichtenstein, among many others, the area has been an artists’ colony since the 19th century. Today’s residents, full time or seasonal, include Chuck Close, April Gornik, Eric Fischl, Ilya and Emilia Kabakov, and Donald Sultan, as well as many more lesser-known names. In 2005 the Museum purchased fourteen acres in Water Mill, New York, and the Board of Trustees selected the internationally celebrated architectural firm Herzog de Meuron to design a new and expanded building there. Ground was broken in July 2010, and the 34,400 square-foot building opened to the public November 10, 2012. Drawing inspiration from local barn houses, Herzog de Meuron envisioned a single-story structure — 94 feet wide and 634 feet long — with the building’s galleries arranged in two rows along a central corridor, designed for flexibility, with temporary walls so that the size of the rooms can be adjusted. The building is covered by two parallel pitched roofs — one for each row — with north-facing windows that take full advantage of the soft northern light. The building doubled the size of the existing facility with 12,000 square feet of flexible galleries, including the first galleries dedicated to permanent collection. The museum includes educational and multi-purpose spaces, café and kitchen. The design incorporates administrative offices and onsite space for storage and care of the permanent collection. To support the architect’s vision for a clean minimalist building, all mechanical equipment was tucked away in the cellar and crawl spaces. As part of design team at Buro Happold’s New York office, Mr. Morozov conceived a geothermal heating and cooling plant that took advantage of high water table below the site. Geothermal water was pumped from 6 standing column wells, circulated through reversible heat pump chillers and dumped into 6 discharge wells downstream. The reversible chillers use ground source water to generate 45-degree water in the summer and 85-degree water in the winter. For even better energy efficiency the heat pump chillers were paired with displacement ventilation. Unlike overhead air supply, displacement ventilation air cools or heats the space with moderately cool or warm air. Custom air-handlers also were located in the cellar spaces. Air distribution was limited to building’s perimeter with supply ducts running in the oversized crawl space. Home / Cultural PARRISH ART MUSEUM ARCHITECT . Herzog De Meuron, Douglas Moyer PROJECT SIZE . 34,000 SF PROJECT COST . $ 30 million SCOPE . Full HVAC design (as design engineer at Buro Happold) Go Go “Inspired by the natural setting and artistic life of Long Island’s East End, the Parrish Art Museum illuminates the creative process and how art and artists transform our experiences and understanding of the world and how we live in it. The Museum fosters connections among individuals, art, and artists through care and interpretation of the collection, the presentation of exhibitions, publications, educational initiatives, programs, and artists-in-residence” Born in 1897 as the Art Museum at Southampton, it was established by a New York lawyer, Samuel Longstreth Parrish, to house his holdings of Italian Renaissance paintings and 19th-century plaster casts; both the building and the collection were given to the Village of Southampton after his death. In the 1950s a local philanthropist, Rebecca Bolling Littlejohn, chartered the museum as an independent entity, named it for Mr. Parrish, and endowed it with her own collection of American painting, rich in work by Impressionists like Chase and Childe Hassam, as well as local artists of the era, like Fairfield Porter and Larry Rivers. Once home to Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning and Roy Lichtenstein, among many others, the area has been an artists’ colony since the 19th century. Today’s residents, full time or seasonal, include Chuck Close, April Gornik, Eric Fischl, Ilya and Emilia Kabakov, and Donald Sultan, as well as many more lesser-known names. In 2005 the Museum purchased fourteen acres in Water Mill, New York, and the Board of Trustees selected the internationally celebrated architectural firm Herzog de Meuron to design a new and expanded building there. Ground was broken in July 2010, and the 34,400 square-foot building opened to the public November 10, 2012. Drawing inspiration from local barn houses, Herzog de Meuron envisioned a single-story structure — 94 feet wide and 634 feet long — with the building’s galleries arranged in two rows along a central corridor, designed for flexibility, with temporary walls so that the size of the rooms can be adjusted. The building is covered by two parallel pitched roofs — one for each row — with north-facing windows that take full advantage of the soft northern light. The building doubled the size of the existing facility with 12,000 square feet of flexible galleries, including the first galleries dedicated to permanent collection. The museum includes educational and multi-purpose spaces, café and kitchen. The design incorporates administrative offices and onsite space for storage and care of the permanent collection. To support the architect’s vision for a clean minimalist building, all mechanical equipment was tucked away in the cellar and crawl spaces. As part of design team at Buro Happold’s New York office, Mr. Morozov conceived a geothermal heating and cooling plant that took advantage of high water table below the site. Geothermal water was pumped from 6 standing column wells, circulated through reversible heat pump chillers and dumped into 6 discharge wells downstream. The reversible chillers use ground source water to generate 45-degree water in the summer and 85-degree water in the winter. For even better energy efficiency the heat pump chillers were paired with displacement ventilation. Unlike overhead air supply, displacement ventilation air cools or heats the space with moderately cool or warm air. Custom air-handlers also were located in the cellar spaces. Air distribution was limited to building’s perimeter with supply ducts running in the oversized crawl space.

2457 Frederick Douglass Boulevard, also known as 2457 8th Avenue, is a modern condominium development completed in 2019. It’s marketed as a prime Harlem new construction project, emphasizing luxury and immediate occupancy. Building Specifications: Height and Units: A seven-story building with 8 residential units, designed with only 2 units per floor for a spacious, exclusive feel. Size: While exact square footage for the entire building isn’t universally specified, individual units range from approximately 646 square feet (e.g., Unit 2A) to 1,555 square feet (e.g., Unit 5A), suggesting a total residential area of roughly 8,000-10,000 square feet, typical for boutique condos of this scale. Features: Units boast white oak flooring, oversized European tilt-and-turn windows, high ceilings, and in-unit washer/dryers. Kitchens feature custom European designs with quartz countertops, 5-burner ranges with grills, under-counter microwaves, Blomberg fridge/freezers, dishwashers, and Brizo faucets. Bathrooms include cove lighting, deep soaking tubs, and high-end finishes. Most units come with private outdoor spaces (e.g., balconies), and there’s a shared stunning roof deck for dining and entertaining. A Comelit "virtual doorman" system enhances security and convenience. Developer: Built by the Almat Group, known for residential projects in Harlem, with the property purchased from First Ebenezer Baptist Church in March 2017 for $1,706,800. Amenities: Beyond the roof deck and virtual doorman, the building focuses on chic, sunlit interiors rather than extensive shared facilities, aligning with its boutique nature. Tax Benefits: Offers a J-51 tax abatement, reducing property taxes for owners, though the exact expiration isn’t consistently detailed (typically 10-15 years from completion, so likely into the late 2020s or early 2030s). Location Details: Neighborhood: Central Harlem, a culturally rich area known for its historical significance (e.g., the Harlem Renaissance) and ongoing revitalization. The building sits between West 131st and West 132nd Streets. Transit: Close to the 135th Street subway station (2, 3 trains) and the 125th Street station (A, B, C, D trains), plus bus lines along Frederick Douglass Boulevard. Proximity: Near shopping, restaurants, and landmarks like St. Nicholas Park and City College, blending Harlem’s vibrant community with modern conveniences. Current Status: Completed in 2019, the condos were ready for immediate occupancy by then. Listings from 2020-2023 show units like 2A (1-bed, 1-bath, 646 sq ft) and 5A (2-bed, 2-bath, 1,555 sq ft) on the market, with prices ranging from around $417,000 (Zillow Zestimate) to higher for larger units. Historical Context: The site’s redevelopment reflects Harlem’s shift from older structures (like the church it replaced) to upscale residential options, catering to a mix of professionals and investors drawn to the area’s cultural cachet and improving infrastructure. Home / Multifamily 2457 FREDERICK DOUGLASS BOULEVARD ARCHITECT . PROJECT SIZE . PROJECT COST . SCOPE . Design, approvals and construction administration of mechanical, plumbing, sprinkler, electrical and fire alarm systems. Go Go 2457 Frederick Douglass Boulevard, also known as 2457 8th Avenue, is a modern condominium development completed in 2019. It’s marketed as a prime Harlem new construction project, emphasizing luxury and immediate occupancy. Building Specifications: Height and Units: A seven-story building with 8 residential units, designed with only 2 units per floor for a spacious, exclusive feel. Size: While exact square footage for the entire building isn’t universally specified, individual units range from approximately 646 square feet (e.g., Unit 2A) to 1,555 square feet (e.g., Unit 5A), suggesting a total residential area of roughly 8,000-10,000 square feet, typical for boutique condos of this scale. Features: Units boast white oak flooring, oversized European tilt-and-turn windows, high ceilings, and in-unit washer/dryers. Kitchens feature custom European designs with quartz countertops, 5-burner ranges with grills, under-counter microwaves, Blomberg fridge/freezers, dishwashers, and Brizo faucets. Bathrooms include cove lighting, deep soaking tubs, and high-end finishes. Most units come with private outdoor spaces (e.g., balconies), and there’s a shared stunning roof deck for dining and entertaining. A Comelit "virtual doorman" system enhances security and convenience. Developer: Built by the Almat Group, known for residential projects in Harlem, with the property purchased from First Ebenezer Baptist Church in March 2017 for $1,706,800. Amenities: Beyond the roof deck and virtual doorman, the building focuses on chic, sunlit interiors rather than extensive shared facilities, aligning with its boutique nature. Tax Benefits: Offers a J-51 tax abatement, reducing property taxes for owners, though the exact expiration isn’t consistently detailed (typically 10-15 years from completion, so likely into the late 2020s or early 2030s). Location Details: Neighborhood: Central Harlem, a culturally rich area known for its historical significance (e.g., the Harlem Renaissance) and ongoing revitalization. The building sits between West 131st and West 132nd Streets. Transit: Close to the 135th Street subway station (2, 3 trains) and the 125th Street station (A, B, C, D trains), plus bus lines along Frederick Douglass Boulevard. Proximity: Near shopping, restaurants, and landmarks like St. Nicholas Park and City College, blending Harlem’s vibrant community with modern conveniences. Current Status: Completed in 2019, the condos were ready for immediate occupancy by then. Listings from 2020-2023 show units like 2A (1-bed, 1-bath, 646 sq ft) and 5A (2-bed, 2-bath, 1,555 sq ft) on the market, with prices ranging from around $417,000 (Zillow Zestimate) to higher for larger units. Historical Context: The site’s redevelopment reflects Harlem’s shift from older structures (like the church it replaced) to upscale residential options, catering to a mix of professionals and investors drawn to the area’s cultural cachet and improving infrastructure.

Home / Residential 138 NORTH 1ST STREET, BROOKLYN, NY ARCHITECT . Will Corcoran Architect PROJECT SIZE . About 4,500 SF PROJECT COST . $3 million SCOPE . full MEP design and construction administration services Go 138 NORTH 1ST STREET, BROOKLYN, NY A ground up construction of a luxury single family home in Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn. An inaugural project for a nascent developer required careful attention to detail. Altera Engineering worked hand in hand with the architect and developer to craft solutions that worked with the owner’s vision for the building. Altera Engineering efficiently and successfully secured utility connection approvals and assisted the client in resolving filing and approval issues. Altera Engineering consulted the owner on high performance building strategies, such as passive heating and cooling, insulation and envelope air-tightness, intelligent lighting controls, highly efficient domestic water heating and continuous ventilation with energy recovery. With the exception of domestic water heating, the building does not use natural gas or any other fuel for heating, and is cooled and heated with a variable-refrigerant flow system. Highly insulated envelope, and not relying on gas for heating are expected to save 20 metric tons of Carbon Dioxide emissions on an annual basis.

GALLANT BUILDING SCOPE . Design, approvals and construction administration of mechanical, plumbing, sprinkler, electrical and fire alarm systems. PROJECT COST . Home / Commercial GALLANT BUILDING ARCHITECT . PROJECT SIZE . PROJECT COST . SCOPE . Design, approvals and construction administration of mechanical, plumbing, sprinkler, electrical and fire alarm systems. Go Go SCOPE . Design, approvals and construction administration of mechanical, plumbing, sprinkler, electrical and fire alarm systems.

A residential conversion of a landmarked Tribeca commercial building into 6 luxury condominiums. Designed by Samuel A. Warner, the 5 floor building was finished between 1856 - 57 as a speculative investment for Robert H. Mccurdy, a partner in the dry goods wholesaling firm of Mccurdy, Aldrich & Spencer, which represented some of the largest mills in the country. The double wide building is protected within the Tribeca South Historic District (designated in 1992), and dons a marble façade with segmentally arched rectangular windows. Home / Multifamily 66 READE STREET ARCHITECT . ROART PROJECT SIZE . 25,600 GSF PROJECT COST . withheld SCOPE . Design, approvals and construction administration of mechanical, plumbing, sprinkler, electrical and fire alarm systems. Go Go A residential conversion of a landmarked Tribeca commercial building into 6 luxury condominiums. Designed by Samuel A. Warner, the 5 floor building was finished between 1856 - 57 as a speculative investment for Robert H. Mccurdy, a partner in the dry goods wholesaling firm of Mccurdy, Aldrich & Spencer, which represented some of the largest mills in the country. The double wide building is protected within the Tribeca South Historic District (designated in 1992), and dons a marble façade with segmentally arched rectangular windows.

The Young Women’s Christian Association was founded in 1888. The goal of the organization was to provide a meeting place for young women who were employed in retail stores, as office workers and other occupations throughout Brooklyn. These young ladies could listen to lectures, concerts, enjoy the reading room, and receive Christian instruction, if so desired. It was the first major organization of its kind in Brooklyn to be entirely run by women. In 1928 the Y has moved to its current building at 30 Third Avenue. The 11-story building was designed by Frederick Lee Ackerman and Alexander B. Trowbridge. The building has always served as a multi-use facility, including 214 units of supportive, low-income housing for women, a theater, a pool, health and community services, etc. This was the first YWCA to integrate its residences and programs racially. Altera Engineering were tasked with minor HVAC upgrades as well as a feasibility analysis for a co-generation module. Home / Cultural YWCA OF BROOKLYN ARCHITECT PROJECT SIZE . 180,000 SF PROJECT COST SCOPE . HVAC design, energy efficiency, CHP feasibility Go Go The Young Women’s Christian Association was founded in 1888. The goal of the organization was to provide a meeting place for young women who were employed in retail stores, as office workers and other occupations throughout Brooklyn. These young ladies could listen to lectures, concerts, enjoy the reading room, and receive Christian instruction, if so desired. It was the first major organization of its kind in Brooklyn to be entirely run by women. In 1928 the Y has moved to its current building at 30 Third Avenue. The 11-story building was designed by Frederick Lee Ackerman and Alexander B. Trowbridge. The building has always served as a multi-use facility, including 214 units of supportive, low-income housing for women, a theater, a pool, health and community services, etc. This was the first YWCA to integrate its residences and programs racially. Altera Engineering were tasked with minor HVAC upgrades as well as a feasibility analysis for a co-generation module.

One Dromore Apartments is a newly constructed 4-story residential building with 45 affordable rental units, ready for occupancy approximately August 2024. The affordable rental units are available by lottery to households between 40%- 80% of Westchester County’s Area Median Income. One Dromore Apartments will feature one- and two-bedroom apartments, including 5 units adapted for mobility impairments and 2 units adapted for hearing/vision impairments. Building amenities include all electric, passive house certified building, community room with kitchen, laundry room, fitness center, lounge/library, EV charging stations, free WiFi. Walking distance to Central Avenue shopping and public transport. One Dromore Road, Scarsdale, New York is surrounded by small businesses, shopping, and restaurants within walking distance to Central Avenue. Located approximately 7 miles to the border of New York City (in The Bronx), 11 miles from the northern tip of Manhattan, and 20 miles from Midtown Manhattan, which may be reached by Metro-North Railroad (Scarsdale station). Scarsdale is also served by the Bee-Line Bus System. Home / Multifamily ONE DROMORE APARTMENTS ARCHITECT . PROJECT SIZE . PROJECT COST . SCOPE . Design, approvals and construction administration of mechanical, plumbing, sprinkler, electrical and fire alarm systems. Go Go One Dromore Apartments is a newly constructed 4-story residential building with 45 affordable rental units, ready for occupancy approximately August 2024. The affordable rental units are available by lottery to households between 40%- 80% of Westchester County’s Area Median Income. One Dromore Apartments will feature one- and two-bedroom apartments, including 5 units adapted for mobility impairments and 2 units adapted for hearing/vision impairments. Building amenities include all electric, passive house certified building, community room with kitchen, laundry room, fitness center, lounge/library, EV charging stations, free WiFi. Walking distance to Central Avenue shopping and public transport. One Dromore Road, Scarsdale, New York is surrounded by small businesses, shopping, and restaurants within walking distance to Central Avenue. Located approximately 7 miles to the border of New York City (in The Bronx), 11 miles from the northern tip of Manhattan, and 20 miles from Midtown Manhattan, which may be reached by Metro-North Railroad (Scarsdale station). Scarsdale is also served by the Bee-Line Bus System.

Home / Landmarks 848 CARROLL STREET, BROOKLYN ARCHITECT . TRIARCH PROJECT SIZE . $ 2.5 million PROJECT COST . $ 170,000,000 SCOPE . Full MEP/FP design Go Go Full gut renovation and rear addition to a landmarked townhouse located in Brooklyn’s Park Slope Historic District. The history and development of the Park Slope Historic District is closely related to that of Prospect Park. The area encompassed by the park and the Historic District was the scene of a major battle in the revolutionary war between the Continental Army under George Washington and the British Army in August of 1776. At that time and until the 1850’s this area remained essentially rural, consisting largely of farmland with rolling hills to the east. In sum, the completion of Prospect Park and construction of the Brooklyn Bridge in 1883 were the two major factors in the development of the area. Carroll Street- named after Charles Carroll, a signer of the Declaration of Independence- is one of the most serene and charming streets in the District. 848 Carroll is a neoclassical four-story red brick with limestone trim, was designed by William B. Greenman and completed in 1905 and described in the AIA Guide to New York City as “a narrow bay-windowed neo-classical exile from the Upper East Side” Altera Engineering worked closely with the architect and owners to seamlessly integrate all new building infrastructure into the existing shell. Altera Engineering consulted the owner on high performance building strategies, such as passive heating and cooling, insulation and envelope air-tightness, highly efficient domestic water heating and continuous ventilation with energy recovery. With the exception of domestic water heating, the building does not use natural gas or any other fuel for heating, and is cooled and heated with a variable-refrigerant flow system.

Home / Landmarks 915 WEST END AVENUE ARCHITECT . PROJECT SIZE . PROJECT COST . SCOPE . Design, approvals and construction administration of mechanical, plumbing, sprinkler, electrical and fire alarm systems. Go Go 915 West End Avenue is a 120,000 SF 15-story multifamily building commissioned by a prolific upper west side builder Joseph Paterno (whose initials were inscribed above the entrance), designed by Rosario Candela and completed in 1922 at a cost of approximately $625,000. The building was designed in Renaissance Revival style, and is laid out as two wings around a central core with outer court. Boiler room, laundry facility, oil tank, and incoming services are located in the basement. Lobby and 94 apartments are located on floors 1 through 15. In 2015 the building was included into Riverside-West End Historic District Extension II, and is subject to certain Landmarks restrictions. Following the $ 85.5 million acquisition by a group of investors, Altera Engineering was retained to evaluate the existing heating, plumbing, gas and power distribution systems. Our engineers worked closely with the owner’s architects and marketing team to identify and carry out short payback upgrades to support the investors’ conversion and repositioning program to the ‘best-in-class’ multifamily rental. 915 West End Avenue is one of several Altera Engineering projects along the historic West End Avenue, 347 West End and 309 West 86th Street.

The Young Women’s Christian Association was founded in 1888. The goal of the organization was to provide a meeting place for young women who were employed in retail stores, as office workers and other occupations throughout Brooklyn. These young ladies could listen to lectures, concerts, enjoy the reading room, and receive Christian instruction, if so desired. It was the first major organization of its kind in Brooklyn to be entirely run by women. Home / Multifamily YWCA OF BROOKLYN ARCHITECT . PROJECT SIZE . 180,000 SF PROJECT COST . SCOPE . HVAC design, energy efficiency, CHP feasibility Go Go The Young Women’s Christian Association was founded in 1888. The goal of the organization was to provide a meeting place for young women who were employed in retail stores, as office workers and other occupations throughout Brooklyn. These young ladies could listen to lectures, concerts, enjoy the reading room, and receive Christian instruction, if so desired. It was the first major organization of its kind in Brooklyn to be entirely run by women.

Home / Landmarks EAST 10 STREET, MANHATTAN TOWNHOUSES ARCHITECT . Phil Toscano (architect of record) Beringer Architects (interior) PROJECT SIZE . Each townhouse is about 5,500 SF PROJECT COST . $5 million SCOPE . Full MEP/FP design Go Go Full gut renovation of two landmarked townhouses near historic Stuyvesant Street in Manhattan in St. Mark’s historic district. According to Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC), 106 and 110 are two of three identical houses were built in 1867 by an Irish-American builder, James Mulry, at an estimated cost of $6,000. The three buildings were erected on the lots that Mr. Mulry leased from Hamilton Fish- the 16th Governor of New York State and the Secretary of State under Ulysses Grant. The buildings were designed in a late version of the Italianate style by D. & J. Jardine Architects. The segmental-arched doorways have stone cornico-slabs supported on vertical console brackets which, in turn, are carried on paneled pilasters. They are four stories high, above a basement, and all retain their stoops. They are all three surmounted by individual bracketed cornices which are aligned at the same level. The stone basement wall is carried up to sill height at the first floor with recessed stone panels under each window. Altera Engineering carried upgrades to power, water, sewer utility connections. Our engineers worked hand-in-hand with the interior architects to thoughtfully integrate central heating and cooling systems into the buildings.